Brief reactive psychosis

Definition

Brief reactive psychosis is a sudden, short-term display of psychotic behavior, such as hallucinations, prompted by a stressful event.

Causes

Brief reactive psychosis is precipitated by some type of extreme stressor (such as a traumatic accident or loss of a loved one), after which the person returns to the previous level of function. The individual may or may not be aware of the strange behavior.

This condition most commonly affects people in their 20s and 30s. People who have personality disorders are at greater risk for having a brief reactive psychosis.

Symptoms

A brief reactive psychosis is defined by having one of the following:

• Delusions (fixed, false beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary)
• Hallucinations
• Impaired speech or language (speech disturbances)
• Disorganized behavior

The symptoms are not due to alcohol or other drug abuse and last longer than a day, but less than a month.

Exams and Tests

A psychological evaluation confirms the symptoms. A physical examination excludes possible physical disorders as the cause of the symptoms.

Treatment

Antipsychotic drugs are usually prescribed to decrease or eliminate the psychotic symptoms and bizarre behavior. However, symptoms should subside on their own if the affected person is provided with a safe environment.

Psychotherapy may also help the person to cope with the emotional stress that triggered the problem initially.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The disorder is generally associated with a good outcome. Repeat episodes may occur in response to stress.

Possible Complications

As with all psychotic illnesses, complications include severe disruption of life and possible violence and suicide.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with a mental health professional if symptoms of this disorder develop. If you are concerned for your safety or for the safety of someone else, call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go immediately to the nearest emergency room.