Cyclothymia

Definition

Cyclothymic disorder is a mild form of bipolar disorder characterized by alternating episodes of mood swings from mild or moderate depression to hypomania, in which the person experiences elevated mood, euphoria, and excitement, but does not become disconnected from reality.

Alternative Names

Cyclothymia

Causes

The cause of cyclothymic disorder is unknown. Although the changes in mood are irregular and abrupt, the severity of the mood swings is far less extreme than that seen with bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness). Unlike in bipolar disorder, periods of hypomania in cyclothymic disorder do not progress into actual mania. In actual mania, a person may lose control over his or her behavior and go on spending binges, engage in highly risky sexual or drug-taking behavior, and become detached from reality.

Hypomanic periods can be energizing and a source of productivity, but may cause some people to become impulsive and unconcerned about others' feelings, which can damage relationships. Because hypomania feels good, some people with cyclothymia do not want to treat it.

Symptoms

• Alternating episodes of hypomania and mild depression lasting for at least 2 years
• Persistent symptoms (less than 2 consecutive symptom-free months)

Exams and Tests

The person's own description of the behavior usually leads to diagnosis of the disorder.

Treatment

Cyclothymia can often be effectively treated with a combination of antimanic drugs, antidepressants, or psychotherapy.

Support Groups

The stress of illness may be eased by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems.

Outlook (Prognosis)

People may decline to seek treatment during their cheerful and uninhibited moods. Long-term therapy, however, is likely to be needed.

Possible Complications

Potential for progression to bipolar disorder.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call a mental health professional if you or your child experiences persistent alternating periods of depression and excitement that negatively affect work or social life.

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