Hydrocarbon pneumonia

Definition

Hydrocarbon pneumonia is caused by drinking or breathing in gasoline, kerosene, furniture polish, paint thinner, or other oily materials or solvents. These products cause fairly rapid changes in the lungs, including inflammation, swelling, and bleeding.

Symptoms

• Smell of a hydrocarbon product on the breath
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Stupor
• Coma

Exams and Tests

• X-ray of the chest
• Blood gas monitoring

Treatment

Mild cases may be evaluated in the emergency room, but may not require hospital admission.

People with moderate and severe cases are normally admitted to the hospital, occasionally to intensive care. Hospital treatment may include:

• Pumping the stomach -- a tube is placed through the mouth or nose into the stomach and the stomach contents are suctioned out
• Oxygen
• A breathing tube a mechanical ventilator may be needed to assist the breathing

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most children who drink or inhale hydrocarbon products and develop chemical pneumonitis recover fully following treatment. Highly toxic hydrocarbons may lead to rapid respiratory failure and death.

Possible Complications

• Pleural effusion
• Pneumothorax
• Secondary bacterial infections

When to Contact a Medical Professional

If you know or suspect that your child has swallowed or inhaled a hydrocarbon product, take them to the emergency room immediately. DO NOT use ipecac to induce vomiting.

Prevention

If you have young children, be sure to identify and store materials containing hydrocarbons carefully.

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