Malabsorption

Definition

Malabsorption is difficulty in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food.

Causes

Malabsorption can result from a wide range of diseases. Typically, malabsorption can be the failure to absorb specific sugars, fats, proteins, or vitamins. It can also be a general malabsorption of food. Diarrhea, bloating or cramping, failure to thrive, frequent bulky stools, muscle wasting, and a distended stomach may accompany malabsorption.

Malabsorption can affect growth and development, or it can lead to specific illnesses. Some of the causes of malabsorption include:

• Cystic fibrosis (the number one cause in the U.S.)
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Lactose intolerance
• Celiac disease
• Whipple disease
• Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (a genetic disease affecting the pancreas and bone marrow)
• Cow's milk protein intolerance
• Soy milk protein intolerance
• Biliary atresia
• Abetalipoproteinemia
• Vitamin B-12 malabsorption may be due to:
  • Diphyllobothrium latum infestation
  • Juvenile pernicious anemia
• Parasites
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
  • Necator americanus (hookworm)

Symptoms

• Avoiding specific foods
• Chronic diarrhea
• Bloating and gas
• Growth failure

Exams and Tests

See the individual conditions.

Treatment

See the individual conditions.

Outlook (Prognosis)

See the individual conditions.

Possible Complications

Long-term malabsorption can result in malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call to make an appointment with your health care provider if you notice symptoms of malabsorption.

Prevention

See the individual conditions.

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