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Malabsorption

Definition

Malabsorption is difficulty in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food.

Causes

Malabsorption can result from a wide range of diseases. Typically, malabsorption can be the failure to absorb specific sugars, fats, proteins, or vitamins. It can also be a general malabsorption of food. Diarrhea, bloating or cramping, failure to thrive, frequent bulky stools, muscle wasting, and a distended stomach may accompany malabsorption.

Malabsorption can affect growth and development, or it can lead to specific illnesses. Some of the causes of malabsorption include:

Cystic fibrosis (the number one cause in the U.S.)
Chronic pancreatitis
Lactose intolerance
Celiac disease
Whipple disease
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (a genetic disease affecting the pancreas and bone marrow)
Cow's milk protein intolerance
Soy milk protein intolerance
Biliary atresia
Abetalipoproteinemia
Vitamin B-12 malabsorption may be due to:
- Diphyllobothrium latum infestation
- Juvenile pernicious anemia
Parasites
- Giardia lamblia
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Necator americanus (hookworm)

Symptoms

Avoiding specific foods
Chronic diarrhea
Bloating and gas
Growth failure

Exams and Tests

See the individual conditions.

Treatment

See the individual conditions.

Outlook (Prognosis)

See the individual conditions.

Possible Complications

Long-term malabsorption can result in malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call to make an appointment with your health care provider if you notice symptoms of malabsorption.

Prevention

See the individual conditions.

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