Blepharitis

Definition

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the lash follicles at the eyelid margins. The cause is excess growth of bacteria that is normally present on the skin.

Alternative Names

Causes

Blepharitis is usually caused by seborrheic dermatitis or a bacterial infection, and sometimes it is a combination of both. Allergies and eyelash infestation with lice may also cause blepharitis, although these causes are less common.

This condition is characterized by excess oil production in the glands near the eyelid, which creates a good environment for the growth of too much bacteria that are normally present on the skin. The eyelids appear red and irritated, with scales that cling to the base of the eyelashes.

Blepharitis may be connected to repeated styes and chalazia. Risk factors are seborrheic dermatitis of the face or scalp, rosacea

Symptoms

• Eyelids have the following symptoms:
  • Crusty
  • Reddened
  • Swollen
  • Itching
  • Burning
• Blinking causes a granular sensation (like sand or dust in the eye)
• Loss of eyelashes may occur

Exams and Tests

An examination of the eyelids during an eye examination is usually enough to diagnose blepharitis.

Treatment

The primary treatment is careful daily cleansing of the lid margins, to remove the skin oils that the bacteria feed on. Baby shampoo or special cleansers may be recommended by your health care provider. Antibiotic ointments may also be helpful in controlling bacteria on the lids.

If seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea are causing the problem, seek treatment for those conditions.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The likely outcome is good with treatment. Continued attention to lid cleanliness may be required to prevent repeated problems. Continued treatment will typically make the eyes less red and more comfortable.

Possible Complications

• Styes
• Chalazia
• Injury to the eye tissue (corneal ulcer) from irritation
• Inflammation of the surface of the eye (conjunctivitis)
• Loss of eyelashes
• Scarring of the eyelids

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms worsen or do not improve after careful cleansing of the eyelids for several days.

Prevention

Cleaning eyelids carefully will help prevent blepharitis. If a specific skin condition is present, it should be treated.