Subdural effusion

Definition

A subdural effusion is a collection of pus beneath the outer lining of the brain.

Causes

A subdural effusion is a rare complication of bacterial meningitis. Subdural effusion is more common in meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae and in infants.

Symptoms

• Bulging fontanelles
• Separated sutures
• Increased head circumference
• Persistent fever
• Vomiting
• Seizures
• Lethargy
• Weakness

Exams and Tests

There is often a history of recent bacterial meningitis. Tests include:

• Ultrasound of the head
• CT scan of the head
• MRI scan of the head

Treatment

Surgery to drain the effusion is often necessary. Rarely, a permanent drainage device (shunt) is needed to drain fluid. Antibiotics may need to be given by IV.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Full recovery from a subdural effusion is expected. If neurological problems continue, they are generally due to the meningitis, not the effusion. Long-term use of antibiotics is usually necessary.

Possible Complications

Complications from surgery include bleeding, infection, and damage to underlying brain structures, which can result in temporary or permanent neurological problems.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if your child has recently been treated for meningitis and symptoms persist or if new symptoms develop.