Breakbone fever

Definition

Dengue fever is a virus-based disease spread by mosquitoes.

See also: Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Alternative Names

Causes

Dengue fever is caused by several related viruses (four different arboviruses). It is spread by the bite of mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which found in tropic and subtropic regions. This includes parts of:

• Southeast Asia
• Indonesian archipelago into northeastern Australia
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• South and Central America

Dengue fever is being seen more in world travelers. It is generally lasts a week or more. Although uncomfortable, it is not deadly. The proper diagnosis depend on whether you tell your doctor about any visits to areas of the world where dengue fever is known to occur.

Dengue fever should not be confused with Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is a separate disease and frequently deadly.

Symptoms

Dengue fever begins with a sudden high fever, often to 104-105 degrees Fahrenheit.

A flat, red rash may appear over most of the body early during the fever. A second rash, measles-like in appearance, appears later in the disease. Infected people may have increased skin sensitivity and are very uncomfortable.

Other symptoms include:

• Headache
• Joint aches
• Muscle aches
• Nausea
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Vomiting

Exams and Tests

Tests that may be done to diagnose this condition include:

• Complete blood count
• Serology studies to look for antibodies to dengue viruses
• Antibody titer for dengue virus types

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. Fluids are necessary if there are signs of dehydration. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is used to treat a high fever. Aspirin should be avoided.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Full recovery is expected.

Possible Complications

• Febrile convulsions
• Severe dehydration

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you have travelled in an area where dengue fever is known to occur and have developed symptoms of the disease.

Prevention

Clothing, mosquito repellent, and netting can help reduce exposure to mosquitoes. Traveling during periods of minimal mosquito activity can also be helpful.

Mosquito abatement programs may reduce the risk of infection.

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